OWASP 2024 Global AppSec San Francisco

The safeguarding of personal data in modern digital systems can no longer be an afterthought. It must be a consideration from the beginning. It is imperative that the preservation of privacy be a principal objective, and privacy safeguards must be by design.


LINDDUN, an acronym for Linking, Identifying, Non-repudiation, Detecting, Data Disclosure, Unawareness, and Non-compliance, encapsulates the core privacy threats that are prevalent in modern software systems. The LINDDUN privacy threat modeling framework supports privacy engineering by providing a structured approach to identifying, analyzing and mitigating threats to privacy in software systems, enabling the inclusion of privacy safeguards as an inherent part of software design and architecture.


In this presentation we will illustrate how adopting LINDDUN can uncover privacy risks and enable privacy by design. We will navigate through the threat modeling process, applying the LINDDUN framework to a fictional application to demonstrate how LINDDUN serves as a critical tool in identifying and analyzing privacy risks. Whether you’re a seasoned professional or new to the field, this presentation will equip you with the foundational knowledge to effectively implement privacy threat modeling with LINDDUN and elevate your privacy engineering efforts to new heights.

Beyond the buzzword of 'supply chain security,' lies a critical, frequently ignored area: the Build Pipelines of Open Source packages. In this talk, we discuss how we’ve developed a large scale data analysis infrastructure that targets these overlooked vulnerabilities in Open Source projects. Our efforts have led to the discovery of countless 0-days in critical OSS projects, such as AWS-managed Kubernetes Operators, Google OSS Fuzz, RedHat OS Build, hundreds of popular Terraform providers and modules and popular GitHub Actions. We will present a detailed attack tree for GitHub Actions pipelines, offering a much deeper analysis than the prior art, and outlining attacks and mitigations. In addition, we will present three Open Source projects that complement our research and provide actionable insights to Builders and Defenders: the 'Living Off the Pipeline' (LOTP) project, the 'poutine' build pipeline scanner and the 'messypoutine' CTF-style training.

Leveraging AI for AppSec presents promise and danger, as let’s face it, you cannot do everything with AI, especially when it comes to security. At our session, we’ll delve into the complexities of AI in the context of auto remediation. We’ll begin by examining our research, in which we used OpenAI to address code vulnerabilities. Despite ambitious goals, the results were underwhelming and revealed the risk of trusting AI with complex tasks. 


Our session features real-world examples and a live demo that exposes GenAI’s limitations in tackling code vulnerabilities. Our talk serves as a cautionary lesson against falling into the trap of using AI as a stand-alone solution to everything. We’ll explore the broader implications, communicating the risks of blind trust in AI without a nuanced understanding of its strengths and weaknesses.


In the second part of our session, we’ll explore a more reliable approach to leveraging GenAI for security relying on the RAG Framework. RAG stands for Retrieval-Augmented Generation. It's a methodology that enhances the capabilities of generative models by combining them with a retrieval component. This approach allows the model to dynamically fetch and utilize external knowledge or data during the generation process.

Attendees will leave with a clear understanding of how to responsibly and effectively deploy AI in their programs — and how to properly vet AI tools.

This session equips participants with the methodology and knowledge to proactively manage risks and improve the security posture of their AI systems. Threat modeling is a systematic approach to identifying potential threats and vulnerabilities in a system. This session will delve into threat modeling for AI systems, and how it differs from traditional applications. Participants will learn what threat modeling is & isn’t, including an overview of terms & methodologies, and then dive into how threat modeling for AI actually works. The presenter is part of the OWASP AI Exchange team of experts who developed the OWASP AI Exchange threat framework, and has extensive experience with threat modeling of mission-critical AI. With that knowledge and experience participants will be guided in applying the threat framework to various types of AI architectures, to cover AI attacks such as data poisoning and indirect prompt injection. 

Since its launch in May 2023, the OWASP Top 10 for Large Language Models (LLMs) project has gained remarkable traction across various sectors, including mainstream commercial entities, government agencies, and media outlets. This project addresses the rapidly growing field of LLM applications, emphasizing the critical importance of security in AI development. Our work has resonated deeply within the community, leading to widespread adoption and integration of the Top 10 list into diverse AI frameworks and guidelines.


As we advance into the development of version 2 (v2) of the OWASP Top 10 for LLMs, this session will provide a comprehensive update on the progress made so far. Attendees will gain insights into how version 1 (v1) has been embraced by the wider community, including practical applications, case studies, and testimonials from key stakeholders who have successfully implemented the guidelines.


The session will dive into several key areas:

Adoption and Impact of v1: 

• Overview of how v1 has been utilized in various sectors.
  
• Case studies showcasing the integration of the Top 10 list into commercial, governmental, and academic projects.
  
• Feedback from users and organizations on the effectiveness and relevance of the list.
  

Progress on v2 Development: 

• An in-depth look at the ongoing development process for v2.
  
• Key changes and updates from v1 to v2, reflecting the evolving landscape of LLM security challenges.
  
• Methodologies and criteria used to refine and expand the list.
  

Community Involvement and Contributions: 

• Ways in which the community can get involved in the project.
  
• Opportunities for contributing to the development of v2, including participation in working groups, submitting case studies, and providing feedback.
  
• Upcoming events, webinars, and collaboration opportunities for those interested in shaping the future of LLM security.
  

Future Directions and Goals: 

• Long-term vision for the OWASP Top 10 for LLMs project.
  
• Strategic goals for enhancing the list’s impact and reach.
  
• Exploration of potential new areas of focus, such as emerging threats and mitigation strategies.
  

Attendees will leave this session with a clear understanding of the significant strides made since the project’s inception and the vital role it plays in ensuring secure AI application development. Additionally, they will be equipped with the knowledge and resources to actively participate in and contribute to the ongoing evolution of the OWASP Top 10 for LLMs.

This session is ideal for developers, security professionals, AI researchers, and anyone interested in the intersection of AI and cybersecurity. Join us to learn more about this critical initiative and discover how you can play a part in advancing the security of large language models.


By attending this session, participants will gain actionable insights and practical guidance on integrating the OWASP Top 10 for LLMs into their projects, ensuring robust security measures are in place to address the unique challenges posed by AI technologies.

By participating in this panel, attendees will gain an understanding of the crucial role of OWASP AI Exchange in securing AI technologies and how they can contribute to and benefit from this vital initiative. 

TLS Certificates are re-using private keys by the millions. We'll demonstrate that key re-use in TLS certificates is systemic and undermines one of the foundational protections offered in modern web security


We looked at 7 billion certs logged in Certificate Transparency and found millions of certs re-using private keys. We identified orgs like Verizon that re-used the same key for 10 years, despite revoking it in the first year! We found cases of organizations continuing to re-use the same private key to issue new certs, despite having had that key compromised. Picture a short lived cert that only lasts 90 days, but the same key is re-used on all future certs for a decade 

We also analyzed SSH key re-use for authentication to GitHub. We looked at 58 million GitHub user’s keys and found >100k SSH keys re-used between multiple GitHub account


We’ll show the extent of private key reuse, show re-use of keys from revoked certificates, and open-source a tool to identify certs that reuse private keys. We'll provide examples of common cert generation frameworks that repeatedly use the same key, despite the security risks


Keys are even sometimes used for TLS certs and repurposed as SSH keys on GitHub 

This talk dives deep into a world of systemic private encryption key re-use, the dangers, and current threats it poses

2:15pm PDT

3:30pm PDT